Freedmen

Stand Waite, last major Confederate field commander to surrender to the Union

An undated photo of Stand Watie, the only Native American general in the Civil War and the last Confederate leader to surrender to the Union.

Stand Watie became the last major Confederate field commander to surrender to the Union, on June 23, 1865, which took place at Doaksville, in the Choctaw Nation, Indian Territory. Watie, a Cherokee, was the only Native American on either side in the Civil War who attained the rank of brigadier general. Stand Watie’s surrender came 75 days after Robert E. Lee’s to Ulysses S. Grant at Appomattox, Virginia, 66 days after Joe Johnston’s to William Tecumseh Sherman, at Bentonville, North…

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Burial customs practiced by Creek Freedmen

The Creek sho take on when somebody die! Long in de night you wake up and hear a gun go off, way yonder somewhar. Den it go again and again, jest as fast as they can ram de load in. Dat mean somebody die. When somebody die, de men go out in de yard and let people know dat way. Den dey jest go back in de house and let de fire go out and don't even tech de dead person till somebody get dar who has a right to touch de dead.

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