Tap a state name below to explore Native American tribes by State.
From state-by-state tribal guides to regional culture, treaties, and powwow events, this site helps you explore every corner of Native American life.
These Tribes by State pages are indexes to all the native American Indian tribes in each state, whether they are federally recognized, state recognized, terminated, unrecognized, or extinct tribes.
They also outline a brief history timeline of all the tribes who have lived in each state from pre-historic times to the present.
The rights and benefits associated with state recognition vary from state to state.
Of the 575 federally recognized tribes, approximately 24 of them have tribal areas that span across at least two states, and approximately 5 of them have areas that span across 3 states.
As of 2010, California was the state with the most individual native american and Alaskan native people (723,225), followed by Oklahoma (482,760), Arizona (353,386), Texas (315,264), New York (221,058), New Mexico (219,512), Washington (198,998), North Carolina (184,082), Florida (162,562) and Michigan (139,095).
Virginia has no federally recognized tribes, largely due to Walter Ashby Plecker. In 1912, Plecker became the first registrar of the state’s Bureau of Vital Statistics, serving until 1946.
Plecker believed that the state’s Native Americans had been “mongrelized” with its African American population. A law passed by the state’s General Assembly recognized only two races, “white” and “colored”.
Plecker pressured local governments into reclassifying all Native Americans in the state as “colored,” leading to the destruction of records on the state’s Native American community.
The state of Maryland also has no federally recognized indian tribes, but does have one unrecognized tribe.
The states with the least federally recognized indian tribes, following the two states with no tribes, are West Virginia, Pennsylvania, Ohio, New Hampshire, and Kentucky.
As of January 2026, there are 575 federally recognized Indian tribes in the United States. There are hundreds more Indian tribes who are state recognized, petitioning for recognition, or unrecognized.
American cities with the largest native American and Alaska Native populations as of 2010 were New York, New York (111,749); Los Angeles, California (54,236); Phoenix, Arizona (43,724); Oklahoma City, Oklahoma(36,572); and Anchorage, Alaska(36,062).
Federally recognized indian tribes have special immunities and privileges due to their government to government relationship with the United States, as well as the responsibilities, powers, limitations, and obligations that go along with their status as sovereign nations.
Members of these tribes have dual citizenship with both the United States and their respective tribes.
These tribes possess the right to form their own government, to enforce laws (both civil and criminal), to tax, to establish membership, to license and regulate activities, to zone and to exclude persons from tribal territories.
Limitations on tribal powers of self-government include the same limitations applicable to states; for example, neither tribes nor states have the power to make war, engage in foreign relations, or coin money (this includes paper currency).
Many Native Americans and advocates of Native American rights point out that the US Federal government’s claim to recognize the “sovereignty” of Native American peoples falls short, given that the US still wishes to govern Native American peoples and treats them as subject to US law.
True respect for Native American sovereignty would require the United States federal government to deal with Native American peoples in the same manner as any other sovereign nation, handling matters related to relations with Native Americans through the Secretary of State, rather than the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
The Bureau of Indian Affairs reports on its website that its “responsibility is the administration and management of 55,700,000 acres (225,000 km²) of land held in trust by the United States for American Indians, Indian tribes, and Alaska Natives.”
Many Native Americans and advocates of Native American rights believe that it is condescending for such lands to be considered “held in trust” and regulated in any fashion by a foreign power.
Federally recognized indian tribes are eligible to receive funding and services from the United States Bureau of Indian Affairs, commonly referred to as the B.I.A., as stipulated in their respective treaties with the United States government.
Many tribes also have their own independant commercial enterprises which generate additional income for the tribe’s infrastructure, and in some cases for individual tribal members in the form of per capita payments.
In recent years, tribal casinos have provided employment for tribal members and a modest profit which supports community programs.
A few tribes in urban areas have become rich from their casino’s earnings, however, those tribes are the exception rather than the norm.
Several tribes have had name changes in the last few years. In those instances, both the old name and the new official name are given.
As of 2000, the largest tribes in the U.S. by population were (in this order) Navajo, Cherokee, Choctaw, Sioux, Chippewa, Apache, Lumbee, Blackfeet, Iroquois, and Pueblo.
In 2000, eight of ten Americans with Native American ancestry were of mixed blood. It is estimated that by 2100 that figure will rise to nine out of ten.
There were seven major Indian Wars fought in Colorado between 1864 and 1879.
The Colorado region was part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain from 1535 to 1682, New France from 1682 to 1762, Kingdom of Spain from 1762 to 1800, French First Republic 1800 to 1803, and part of the United States of America 1803–present (boundaries were disputed by Spain).
Arkansas was home to Native Americans long before Europeans arrived. The first explorers met Indians whose ancestors had occupied the region for thousands of years. These were impressive and well-organized societies, to whom Europeans introduced new technologies, plants, animals, and diseases, setting in motion a process of population loss and cultural change that would continue for centuries.
Idaho Indian tribes say they have occupied their homelands since time immemorial. The state of Idaho has a cultural history spanning at least 6,000 years that has been proven with modern archeology techniques.
This state spans two cultural areas: the Plateau Region in the north and the Great Basin Region in the south. Climate changes from 6000 BCE to 3000 BCE affected the original American Indian people in these two areas differently. This is called the Middle Period by archaeologists. Here is a timeline of the changes that occurred in this area.
Continue to Ancient Idaho culture timeline, 6000 BCE to 3000 BCE →
Virginia’s original inhabitants are seeking formal recognition from the federal government, but they face opposition from casino interests and other groups.
The Pamunkey, whose most famous member was Pocahontas, and other Native American tribes in Virginia want federal recognition that would open the door for housing, education and other financial assistance.
Continue to Virginia Indians struggle for federal recognition →
Hopi Villages are found at both the base and the top of the three mesas dominating the landscape. These mesas project to the north from the enormous Black Mesa formation like fingers on a giant hand.In addition to the mesas and villages, the Hopi people are internationally acclaimed as artisans.
The Westo Indians lived in South Carolina along the central Savannah River in Colleton County. They apparently became extinct sometime before the early 1700s.