Lakota Sioux Indians
The Lakota Sioux Indians are one language branch of the Greater Sioux Nation, also known as the Teton Sioux (from Thítȟuŋwaŋ).
They speak Lakȟótiyapi—the Lakota language, the westernmost of three closely related languages that belong to the Siouan language family.
They are one of the three prominent subcultures of the Sioux people. Their current lands are in North Dakota and South Dakota.
The seven bands or “sub-tribes” of the Lakota are:
- Sičháŋǧu (Brulé, Burned Thighs)
- Oglála (“They Scatter Their Own”)
- Itázipčho (Sans Arc, Without Bows)
- Húŋkpapȟa (Hunkpapa, “End Village,” or “Camps at the End of the Camp Circle”)
- Mnikȟówožu (Miniconjou, “Plant Near Water”,[8] Planters by the Water)
- Sihásapa (“Blackfeet” or “Blackfoot” – not the same as another tribe by that name in Montana)
- Oóhenuŋpa (Two Kettles)
Article Index:
PINE RIDGE, S.D. – There is only the light of a quarter-moon and a canopy of shooting stars when Lakota voices in Stronghold camp say, “They are coming.”
In the distance, fourteen Lakota horseback riders, some riding bareback, are approaching on the same route that survivors of the massacre of Wounded Knee followed 112 years ago.
Here on Stronghold Table they Ghost Danced so the people would live and they were massacred. Now, the remains of men, women and children — Lakota, Paiute, Northern Cheyenne, Northern Arapaho and other tribes — are apart of this earth.
Last summer, in the countryside near Oglala, Leonard Little Finger held a lock of hair in his hands and knew the agony of Wounded Knee.
He and six others had just returned from New England, where they had claimed a lock that reportedly had been cut from the scalp of his great-great-grandfather, Chief Big Foot, more than a century earlier at the Wounded Knee massacre.
For decades, it had been part of a library collection in Barre, Mass. Now, as Little Finger prepared to return it to Mother Earth, he believed that he could almost hear the cries of the more than 250 Lakota men, women and children slaughtered on Dec. 29, 1890, by the Seventh Cavalry.
“Even though 110 years had gone by, I felt like I had become part of what happened,” Little Finger, 61, says from the Loneman School in Oglala, where he is director of Lakota Studies.
“It was kind of awesome,” he says. “All of a sudden, here is something that is a physical part of that massacre. And it’s like it puts you right into it.”
That he was given the hair at all speaks to a dramatic shift in societal attitudes the past 20 years.
Tribal remains and artifacts once routinely sought out for museums, classrooms and private collections now are being returned en masse to the lands and people from which they came.
Legal shifts
Several federal laws have hastened that return, or at least stemmed their removal from the land.