There are 86 native American languages that are indigenous to the state of California, more than any other state.
Hypothesized MACRO-UNITS are in bold caps and italicized, FAMILIES in bold caps only, SUBGROUPS
in small caps, individual languages in boldface, and dialects in italics:
HOKAN STOCK (Proposed)
Chimariko
Karuk
Esselen
Salinan
Washo
SHASTAN (4 languages)
Shasta
Okwanuchu
New River Shasta
Konomihu
PALAIHNIHAN (2 languages)
Achumawi
Atsugewi
POMOAN (7 languages)
Southeastern Pomo
Eastern Pomo
Northeastern Pomo
WESTERN BRANCH
Northern Pomo
SOUTHERN GROUP
Central Pomo
Southern Pomo
Kashaya Pomo
YANA (2 languages)
Northern Yana (incl. Central Yana)
Yahi (Southern Yana)
YUMAN-COCHIMÍ (14 languages)
YUMAN BRANCH
Kiliwa
Paipai (“Akwa’ala”)
CALIFORNIA-DELTA GROUP
Ipai (Northern Diegueño)
Kumeyaay
Tipai (Southern Diegueño)
Cocopa
RIVER GROUP
Quechan (Yuma)
Halchidhoma (Maricopa)
Mojave
COCHIMÍ BRANCH (Peninsular Yuman)
NORTHERN COCHIMÍ
Julgrepa
Borjeño
Ignacieño
SOUTHERN COCHIMÍ
Cadegomeño
Javiereño
PENUTIAN STOCK (Proposed)
MAIDUAN (3 languages)
Maidu
Konkow
Nisenan
PLATEAU PENUTIAN
Klamath-Modoc
UTIAN (MIWOK-COSTANOAN)
MIWOK (7 languages)
EASTERN MIWOK
SIERRA MIWOK
Northern Sierra Miwok
Central Sierra Miwok
Southern Sierra Miwok
Plains Miwok
Saclan (Bay Miwok)
WESTERN MIWOK
Coast Miwok
Lake Miwok
COSTANOAN (“Ohlone,” 5 languages)
Karkin
Northern Costanoan
Chalon (“Soledad”)
SOUTHERN COSTANOAN
Mutsun (“San Juan Bautista”)
Rumsen
WINTUAN (4 languages)
Wintu
Nomlaki
Patwin
Southern Patwi
YOKUTSAN (3 languages)
Nim Yokuts (includes Northern, Tulare
Lake, and Foothill tribal dialects)
Buenavista
Poso Creek
ATHABASKAN FAMILY
(“Na-Dene,” 4 languages)
Tolowa
Hupa (includes Whilkut & Chilula dialects)
Mattole
Eel River (Sinkyone, Nongatl, Lassik,
Wailaki, & Cahto dialects)
ALGIC FAMILY (“Algonkian,” 2 languages)
Wiyot
Yurok
CHUMASHAN FAMILY (6 languages)
NORTHERN CHUMASH
Obispeño
CENTRAL CHUMASH
Purisimeño
Ineseño
Barbareño
Ventureño
ISLAND CHUMASH
Cruzeño
UTO-AZTECAN FAMILY (14 languages)
Tubatulabal
TAKIC BRANCH
Gabrielino (“Tongva,” includes Fernandeño)
Tataviam (“Alliklik”)
SERRAN GROUP
Kitanemuk
Serrano (includes Vanyumé)
CUPAN GROUP
Cahuilla
Cupeño
Luiseño
Juaneño
NUMIC BRANCH
WESTERN NUMIC
Mono
Monache
Owen’s Valley Paiute
Northern Paiute
CENTRAL NUMIC
Panamint (“Koso,” “California Shoshone”)
SOUTHERN NUMIC
Kawaiisu
Chemehuevi (dialect of Ute)
YUKIAN FAMILY (Considered by some linguists to be part of the “Gulf” Macro-unit)
Yuki
Wappo
Sources: Mithun 1999; Goddard 1996; Golla 2000; Laylander 1997