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Statistics: Indigenous Languages Spoken in the United States by number of speakers

Posted on Tuesday, February 18 @ 00:08:06 PST

Indian languages in the United State American Indian Language statistics speakers of american indian languages how many indigenous languages spoken in the US by number of speakers

The following tables list 154 indigenous American languages which are still spoken in the United States, the number of speakers, and where the speakers are located. Table 1 arranges the languages alphabetically, while Table 2 arranges them according to number of speakers.

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Table 2: Indigenous Languages Spoken in the United States (by Number of Speakers)

Speakers^[2]	Language	Location
148,530	Navajo	Arizona; Utah; New Mexico; Utah
35,000	Ojibwa, Western	Montana; Lake Superior; North Dakota ^[3]
20,355	Dakota	Nebraska; Minnesota; North Dakota; South Dakota; Montana ^[3]
17,890	Choctaw	Oklahoma
12,693	Apache, Western	Arizona
11,905	Cherokee	Oklahoma; North Carolina
11,819	Papago-Pima	Arizona ^[7]
10,000	Yupik, Central	Alaska
8,000	Ojibwa, Eastern	Michigan ^[3]
6,413	Zuni	New Mexico
6,213	Muskogee	Oklahoma; Alabama; Florida
6,000	Lakota	Nebraska; Minnesota; North Dakota; South Dakota; Montana
5,264	Hopi	Arizona; Utah; New Mexico
4,580	Keres, Eastern	New Mexico
4,280	Crow	Montana
4,000	Inuktitut, Northwest Alaska	Alaska
3,500	Inuktitut, North Alaskan	Alaska
3,390	Keres, Western	New Mexico
3,000	Yakima	Washington
2,284	Shoshoni	Nevada; Idaho; Wyoming
2,100	Micmac	Boston; New York City ^[5]
2,000	Paiute, Northern	Nevada; Oregon; California; Idaho
1,984	Ute-Southern Paiute	Colorado; Utah; Arizona; Nevada; California
1,800	Apache, Mescalero-Chiricahua	New Mexico
1,721	Cheyenne	Montana
1,631	Tiwa, Southern	New Mexico
1,301	Jemez	New Mexico
1,300	Tewa	New Mexico; Arizona
1,100	Yupik, Central Siberian	Alaska ^[8]
1,092	Kiowa	Oklahoma
1,070	Cree, Western	Montana ^[5]
1,062	Blackfoot	Montana ^[5]
1,038	Arapaho	Wyoming; Oklahoma
1,007	Havasupai-Walapai-Yavapai	Arizona
1,000	Chickasaw	Oklahoma
1,000	Hawaiian	Hawaii
927	Tiwa, Northern	New Mexico
887	Malecite-Passamaquoddy	Maine ^[5]
854	Comanche	Oklahoma
812	Apache, Jicarilla	New Mexico
800	Mesquakie	Iowa; Oklahoma; Kansas; Nebraska
775	Tlingit	Alaska
697	Nez Perce	Idaho
600	Koasati	Louisiana; Texas
539	Kikapoo	Kansas; Oklahoma; Texas ^[7]
496	Mikasuki	Florida
406	Yaqui	Arizona ^[6]
400	Yupik, Pacific Gulf	Alaska
365	Gwich'in	Alaska
343	Quechan	California
321	Cocopa	Arizona ^[6]
300	Koyukon	Alaska
256	Alabama	Texas
250	Hocak/Winnebago	Nebraska
234	Mohave	Arizona
234	Shawnee	Oklahoma
200	Kalispel-Pend Dóreille	Montana
200	Seneca	New York; Oklahoma
200	Tenino	Oregon
181	Maricopa	Arizona
150	Assiniboine	Montana ^[3]
141	Caddo	Oklahoma
138	Haida	Alaska
126	Karok	California
115	Tanana, Upper	Alaska
113	Tsimshian	Alaska ^[5]
112	Okangan	Washington
107	Salish, Southern Puget Sound	Washington
102	Kutenai	Idaho; Montana ^[5]
100	Hidatsa	North Dakota
100	Skagit	Washington
100	Walla Walla	Oregon
97	Kumiai	California ^[6]
90	Aleut	Alaska
90	Arikara	North Dakota
88	Klamath-Modoc	Oregon
85	Omaha-Ponca	Nebraska; Oklahoma
78	Yokuts	California
75	Tanaina	Alaska
69	Wasco-Wishram	Oregon; Washington
65	Tanacross	Alaska
60	Lushootseed	Washington
50	Kashaya	California
50	Oneida	New York; Wisconsin
50	Potawatomi	Michigan; Wisconsin; Kansas; Oklahoma
50	Spokane	Washington
50	Umatilla	Oregon
43	Luiseno	California
40	Coeur D'Alene	Idaho
40	Degexit'an	Alaska
40	Kuskokwim, Upper	Alaska
40	Pomo, Central	California
40	Pomo, Southern	California
39	Columbia-Wenatchi	Washington
39	Menomini	Wisconsin
35	Cahuilla	California
34	Quapaw	Oklahoma
30	Salish, Straits	Washington ^[3]
30	Tanana, Lower	Alaska
21	Ahtena	Alaska
20	Abnaki-Penobscot	Maine ^[3]
20	Mono	California
20	Panamint	California
19	Kansa	Oklahoma
18	Apache, Kiowa	Oklahoma
17	Chinook Wawa	Oregon
15	Onondaga	New York
12	Holikachuk	Alaska
12	Nisenan	California
12	Shasta	California
12	Yuchi	Oklahoma
10	Achumawi	California
10	Apache, Lipan	New Mexico
10	Gros Ventre	Montana
10	Kato	California
10	Kawaiisu	California
10	Maidu, Northwest	California
*10	Makah	Washington
10	Miwok, Northern Sierra	California
10	Miwok, Southern Sierra	California
10	Pomo, Southeastern	California
10	Snohomish	Washington
10	Tututni	Oregon
10	Washo	California; Nevada
10	Wichita	Oklahoma
10	Wintu	California
10	Yurok	California
9	Cupeno	California
8	Hupa	California
8	Miwok, Lake	California
7	Han	Alaska
6	Mandan	North Dakota
6	Quinault	Washington
6	Tubatulabal	California
6	Yuki	California
5	Chehalis, Lower	Washington
5	Chetco	Oregon
5	Clallam	Washington
5	Miwok, Central Sierra	California
5	Osage	Oklahoma
5	Tolowa	Oregon
5	Unami	Oklahoma; New Jersey; Delaware
4	Atsugewi	California
4	Pawnee	Oklahoma
2	Chehalis, Upper	Washington
2	Cowlitz	Washington
1	Coos	Oregon
1	Eyak	Alaska
1	Kalapuya	Oregon
1	Miwok, Coast	California
1	Miwok, Plains	California
1	Pomo, Northeastern	California
1	Serrano	California
361,978	TOTAL

Source: Adapted from B. Grimes (1996). Ethnologue: Languages of the world. Dallas: SIL International. Updated February 1999 at www.sil.org/ethnologue.

Table 1: Arranged by Language

NOTES

1. Hinton (1998) suggests that one reason for these different estimates is varying interpretations of language differentiation -- some languages may be considered either distinct languages or simply dialects.

2. These figures are estimates only. Some sources may report dialects or second-language speakers, or number of speakers in neighboring countries.

3. This figure includes speakers in Canada.

4. Additional speakers of this language are in Russia

5. Additional speakers of this language are in Canada.

6. Additional speakers of this language are in Mexico.

7. This figure includes speakers in Mexico.

8. Additional speakers of this language are in Siberia.

REFERENCES

Crystal, D. (1987). The Cambridge encyclopedia of language. New York: Cambridge University Press.

Crawford, J. (1999). Bilingual education: History, politics, theory and practice. (4th ed.) Los Angeles: Bilingual Educational Services.

Grimes, B. (Ed.). (1996). Ethnologue: Languages of the world. (13th ed.) Dallas: SIL, International. Online updates available at http://www.sil.org/ethnologue/

Hinton, L. (1998). Language loss and revitalization in California: Overview. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 132, 83-93.

Krauss, M. (1998). The condition of Native North American languages: The need for realistic assessment and action. International Journal of the Sociology of Language, 132, 9-21.

Note: *The oldest Makah tribal member and the last fully fluent in the Makah language died at her home Monday, August 21, 2002, at age 100.

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